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切换 GPU 驱动

搭载 RK3588/RK356X/RK3576（不包含 RK3582）系列 SOC 的产品在使用 Debian 12 (Bookworm) 版本系统时默认使用 Panfrost/Panthor GPU 驱动，您可根据需求依据下方教程操作进行 GPU 驱动切换。

注意

本文档仅适用于搭载 RK3588/RK356X/RK3576（不包含 RK3582）系列 SOC 的产品。

DriverOpenGLOpenGL ESOpenCL8K HDMIVulkan
Mali❌✔✔✔✔
Panthor✔✔❌❌❌

使用 Rockchip 专有 xorg-xserver 版本​

  1. 添加 /etc/apt/preferences.d/mali 文件，内容为：
Package: *xserver*
Pin: release a=rk3566-bookworm
Pin-Priority: 1001

Package: *xserver*
Pin: release a=rk3566-bookworm-test
Pin-Priority: 1001

Package: *xserver*
Pin: release a=rk3566t-bookworm
Pin-Priority: 1001

Package: *xserver*
Pin: release a=rk3566t-bookworm-test
Pin-Priority: 1001

Package: *xserver*
Pin: release a=rk3568-bookworm
Pin-Priority: 1001

Package: *xserver*
Pin: release a=rk3568-bookworm-test
Pin-Priority: 1001

Package: *xserver*
Pin: release a=rk3576-bookworm
Pin-Priority: 1001

Package: *xserver*
Pin: release a=rk3576-bookworm-test
Pin-Priority: 1001

Package: *xserver*
Pin: release a=rk3588-bookworm
Pin-Priority: 1001

Package: *xserver*
Pin: release a=rk3588-bookworm-test
Pin-Priority: 1001

Package: *xserver*
Pin: release a=rk3588s2-bookworm
Pin-Priority: 1001

Package: *xserver*
Pin: release a=rk3588s2-bookworm-test
Pin-Priority: 1001

  1. 然后参考使用 rsetup 进行系统升级来重新安装 Rockchip 专有软件包 (如果不执行此步骤会导致桌面闪退或者颜色翻转)

安装 Mali 用户层驱动​

sudo apt-get update

if grep -qE 'rk3588' <(rsetup get_product_ids)
then
    sudo apt-get install libmali-valhall-g610-g24p0-x11-wayland-gbm # RK3588
fi

if grep -qE 'rk3576|rk3568|rk3566' <(rsetup get_product_ids)
then
    sudo apt-get install libmali-bifrost-g52-g13p0-x11-wayland-gbm # RK356X/RK3576
fi

开启 Mali GPU Overlay​

参考 Overlay 开启教程，开启 Enable Arm Mali GPU driver Overlay。

修改模块黑名单​

编辑 /etc/modprobe.d/panfrost.conf 文件：

# settings for panfrost

# Uncomment the following line and comment above lines
# to use mali driver for GPU instead
# You will have to install desktop from vendor repo
blacklist       panfrost

# Disable mali driver by default to prefer panfrost driver
#blacklist   mali
#blacklist   bifrost_kbase
#blacklist   midgard_kbase

关闭 Zink 支持​

echo "LIBGL_KOPPER_DISABLE=true" | sudo tee -a /etc/environment

重启系统​

sudo reboot

验证 GPU 驱动​

验证内核驱动​

查看是否有对应的 GPU 驱动加载信息：

# mali
rock@radxa-cm5-io:~$ lsmod | grep bifrost_kbase
bifrost_kbase        1015808  3

# Panfrost
rock@rock-3c:~$ lsmod | grep panfrost
panfrost               61440  5
drm_shmem_helper       20480  1 panfrost
gpu_sched              36864  1 panfrost

# Panthor
rock@radxa-cm5-io:~$ lsmod | grep panthor
panthor                98304  1
drm_gpuvm              24576  1 panthor
drm_exec               16384  2 drm_gpuvm,panthor
drm_shmem_helper       20480  1 panthor
gpu_sched              36864  1 panthor

验证 xorg-xserver 版本​

运行以下命令，查看当前 [installed,automatic] 对应的 xorg-xserver 来源。使用 mali 驱动时，为 rk35*-bookworm，使用 Panfrost/Panthor 驱动时，为 stable。

rock@radxa-cm5-io:~$ sudo apt list -a xserver-common xserver-xorg-core xserver-xorg-legacy
Listing... Done
xserver-common/stable-security,stable 2:21.1.7-3+deb12u7 all
xserver-common/rk3588s2-bookworm,rk3588s2-bookworm,now 2:21.1.7-3+deb12u2 all [installed,automatic]

xserver-xorg-core/stable-security,stable 2:21.1.7-3+deb12u7 arm64
xserver-xorg-core/rk3588s2-bookworm,now 2:21.1.7-3+deb12u2 arm64 [installed,automatic]

xserver-xorg-legacy/stable-security,stable 2:21.1.7-3+deb12u7 arm64
xserver-xorg-legacy/rk3588s2-bookworm,now 2:21.1.7-3+deb12u2 arm64 [installed,automatic]

验证用户层驱动​

运行以下命令，使用 mali 驱动则会列出 libmali，使用 Panfrost/Panthor 则不会列出任何包：

sudo apt list libmali-* --installed
Listing... Done
libmali-bifrost-g52-g13p0-x11-wayland-gbm/rk3566-bookworm-test,now 1.9-1 arm64 [installed]